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Tutorials and guides for life scientists

Name: Vivofold
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Practical, carefully checked guides on bioinformatics workflows, file formats, statistics, drug discovery, wet-lab techniques and careers. Each links to a free Nayancode tool you can try and a Vedicgen course that goes further.

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Wet lab vs dry lab: the difference, and which skills you need

What happens in a wet lab and a dry lab, the skills each needs, why the best life scientists understand both, and where to start.

Vivofold editorial team14 October 20264 min read

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Careers

Wet lab vs dry lab: the difference, and which skills you need

What happens in a wet lab and a dry lab, the skills each needs, why the best life scientists understand both, and where to start.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Wet lab

qPCR data analysis: the ΔΔCt method with a worked example

What Ct values mean, how to calculate ΔCt, ΔΔCt and fold change step by step, the statistics to use, efficiency checks and MIQE.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Wet lab

Agarose gel electrophoresis: principle, protocol and troubleshooting

How agarose gel electrophoresis separates DNA and RNA, choosing the gel percentage, a general protocol, reading bands and fixing common problems.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Wet lab

Cell culture contamination: prevention, detection and response

Bacterial, fungal, mycoplasma and cross-contamination in cell culture: how to recognise them, prevent them with aseptic technique, test for them and respond.

14 October 2026
3 min read

Workflows

NGS data analysis pipeline: from FASTQ to variants

The standard short-read pipeline step by step: QC, BWA alignment, duplicate marking, variant calling with GATK or DeepVariant, filtering and annotation.

14 October 2026
3 min read

Drug discovery

Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina: a step-by-step tutorial

Prepare a receptor and ligand, define the search box, run AutoDock Vina, validate by redocking and interpret poses, using HIV-1 protease (1HSG).

14 October 2026
3 min read

Tutorials

How to read AlphaFold models: pLDDT, PAE and when to trust them

What AlphaFold’s pLDDT and PAE scores mean, how to read the PAE plot, and a checklist before using predicted structures for variants, mutations or docking.

14 October 2026
3 min read

Careers

How to choose a bioinformatics or biotech internship

Types of internship, what a good one looks like, questions to ask before you join or pay a fee, and how to write a strong application.

14 October 2026
3 min read

Workflows

RNA-seq analysis workflow: from FASTQ to differentially expressed genes

A step-by-step guide to bulk RNA-seq analysis: experimental design, QC, quantification with STAR or Salmon, DESeq2 differential expression and enrichment.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Tutorials

How to read a volcano plot (and the mistakes reviewers catch)

What the axes of a volcano plot mean, raw versus adjusted p-values, fold-change shrinkage, an R example and the most common interpretation mistakes.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Tutorials

FASTQ format and Phred quality scores explained

The four lines of a FASTQ record, how Phred+33 quality encoding works, and how to read the FastQC panels that matter.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Tutorials

The VCF file format explained, with examples

Every column of a VCF file, how genotypes and indels are written, QUAL versus GQ, and practical bcftools commands.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Drug discovery

Molecular docking: how to set up and validate a docking study

Structure choice, preparation, search boxes, redocking RMSD, actives-versus-decoys enrichment and what docking results can and cannot claim.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Drug discovery

QSAR model validation: avoiding the common traps

OECD principles, data curation, scaffold and cluster splits, baselines, Y-randomisation, metrics and applicability domains for trustworthy QSAR models.

14 October 2026
4 min read

Programming

Calculate GC content in Python: a step-by-step tutorial

Build a GC content calculator in Python: handle ambiguous bases, parse FASTA, compute a sliding window, plot it and test your code.

14 October 2026
3 min read

Careers

How to become a bioinformatician: a roadmap for biology students

What bioinformaticians do, what to learn first, how to build a portfolio and how to get experience, for biology and biotechnology students.

14 October 2026
4 min read

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Wet lab vs dry lab: the difference, and which skills you need

All guides

Wet lab vs dry lab: the difference, and which skills you need

qPCR data analysis: the ΔΔCt method with a worked example

Agarose gel electrophoresis: principle, protocol and troubleshooting

Cell culture contamination: prevention, detection and response

NGS data analysis pipeline: from FASTQ to variants

Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina: a step-by-step tutorial

How to read AlphaFold models: pLDDT, PAE and when to trust them

How to choose a bioinformatics or biotech internship

RNA-seq analysis workflow: from FASTQ to differentially expressed genes

How to read a volcano plot (and the mistakes reviewers catch)

FASTQ format and Phred quality scores explained

The VCF file format explained, with examples

Molecular docking: how to set up and validate a docking study

QSAR model validation: avoiding the common traps

Calculate GC content in Python: a step-by-step tutorial

How to become a bioinformatician: a roadmap for biology students

One practical guide a month.